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高考英語陷阱題總結歸納——動詞時態
◆典型陷阱題分析◆
    1. “I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.”
    A. forget, forget                                        B. forgot, forgot
    C. forget, forgot                                        D. forgot, forget
    【陷阱】容易誤選A，認為“忘記”是現在的事。
    【分析】仔細體會一下對話的語境：第一個人說“我忘記他的電話號碼了”，這個“忘記”應該是現在的情況，即現在忘記了，要不然就沒有必要同對方說此話了，故第一空應填 forget；第二個人說“我有他的號碼，但我忘記帶電話本了”，這個“忘記”應該是過去的情況，即過去忘記帶電話本，所以現在電話本不在身上（注意句中的轉折連詞 but），故第二空應填 forgot，即答案選應C.請再看一例：
    — Oh, I ______ where he lives.
    — Don’t you carry your address book？
    No, I ______ to bring it.
    A. forget, forget          B. forgot, forgot
    C. forget, forgot          D. forgot, forget
    答案選C，理由同上。
    2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.
    A. was                  B. had been
    C. would be             D. would have been
    【陷阱】容易誤選B或D，認為前句用了had hoped，所以此句謂語要用B或D與之呼應。
    【分析】但正確答案為A，前一句謂語用had hoped，表示的是過去未曾實現的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說“我太忙”，這是陳述過去的一個事實，所以要用一般過去時。請做以下類似試題（答案均為A）：
    （1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.
    A. found               B. had found
    C. would find          D. would have found
    （2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.
    A. didn’t                    B. hadn’t
    C. needn’t                   D. would not have
    （3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.
    A. had                    B. had had
    C. would have             D. would have had
    （4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.
    A. called  B. had called
    C. would call  D. would have called
    （5） The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.
    A. was  B. is
    C. were  D. had been
3. Dear me！ Just _____ at the time！ I _____ no idea it was so late.
    A. look, have  B. looking, had
    C. look, had  D. looking, have
    【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認為第一空用現在分詞表伴隨，第二空填 have 的一般現在時，以保持與前面時態的一致性。
    【分析】其實，此題應選C，第一空應填 look, 因為這是祈使句的謂語；第二空應填 had，因為前一句說“看看時間吧”，這一看當然知道了現在很遲的情形，“不知道這么遲了”顯然應是“過去”的事，故應用一般過去時態，許多同學由于忽略這一隱含的語境而誤選。
    4. “Your phone number again？ I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 4331577”
    A. didn’t  B. couldn’t
    C. don’t             D. can’t
    【陷阱】此題容易誤選C，認為此處要用一般現在時態，表示現在“沒聽清對方的話”。
    【分析】其實，此題答案應選A，根據上文的語境“請把你的電話號碼再說一遍好嗎？”可知“沒聽清對方的電話號碼”應是在說此話以前，故應用一般過去時態。請看以下類似試題：
    （1） “Mr Smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ But he _____.”
    A. promises B. promised
    C. will promise D. had promised
    答案選B，“他答應（要來）”應發生在過去。
    （2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____.”
    A. I’m not noticing       B. I wasn’t noticing
    C. I haven’t noticed      D. I don’t notice
    答案選B，“我沒注意”是對方提醒之前的事，現經對方一提醒，當然注意到了。
    （3） “Oh it’s you！ I ________ you.” “I’ve had my hair cut.”
    A. didn’t realize  B. haven’t realized
    C. didn’t recognize                  D. don’t recognized
    答案選C.“沒認出是你”是說此話之前的事，說此話時顯然已經認出了對方。
    （4） “What’s her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _____.”
    A. forget                            B. forgot
    C. had forgotten                     D. am forgetting
    此題應選A，從語境上看，“忘記”的時間應是現在，即指現在不記得了。
    （5） “Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready？” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”
    A. don’t realize                    B. didn’t realize
    C. hadn’t realized                  D. haven’t realized
    答案選B.“沒意識到”是對方提醒之前的事。
    （6） “It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really？ I ______ it at all.”
    A. don’t realize                 B. haven’t realized
    C. didn’t realize                D. hadn’t realized
    答案選C.“沒意識到”是在聽到的話之前的事。
5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
    A. has written                         B. wrote
    C. had written                         D. was writing
    【陷阱】容易誤選B或C.
    【分析】此題應選D，這是由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 這一句話的語境決定的，全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫一本書，但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”。有的同學可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B.但若選B，則句子前半部分的意思則變為“史密斯先生去年寫了一本書”，既然是“寫了”，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現在是否寫完了”相矛盾。
    6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.
    A. is, is                        B. was, was
    C. is, was                       D. was, is
    【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
    【分析】最佳答案選C，上文說“他”變化很大，即“他”現在不是過去的那個樣子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其實第二空也可用 used to be）。請看類例：
    “What place is it？” “Haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______？”
    A. were, had been                  B. have been, are
    C. are, were D. are, had been
    答案選C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我們（現在）又回到剛才來過的地方”。
    7. He is very busy. I don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow.
    A. come                          B. comes
    C. will come D. is coming
    【陷阱】此題容易誤選B.認為 if 引導的是條件狀語從句，從句謂語要用一般現在時表示將來意義。
    【分析】其實，此題答案應選C，句中if引導的不是條件狀語從句（即if≠如果），而是賓語從句（即if＝是否），句意為“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否會來。”請看以下類似試題：
    （1） I don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.
    A. comes, comes        B. will come, will come
    C. comes, will come     D. will come, comes
    答案選 D，第一個 if 引導的是賓語從句，第二個 if 引導的是條件狀語從句。
（2） “When _____ he come？” “I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.”
    A. does, comes         B. will, will come
    C. does, will come      D. will, comes
    答案選 D，第一個 when 疑問副詞，用于引出一個特殊疑問句；第二個 when是從屬連詞，用于引導時間狀語從句。
    （3） “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”
    A. comes, comes         B. will come, will come
    C. comes, will come      D. will come, comes
    答案選 D，第一個 when 引導的是主語從句，第二個 when引導的是時間狀語從句。
    8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.
    A. is dated from        B. was dated from
    C. dates from           D. dated from
    【陷阱】此題容易誤選B或D，認為句中用了 1688 這個過去時間，所以應選過去時態，又因為 date from 不用于被動語態，所以只能選D.
    【分析】其實此題的最佳答案應是C，因為 date from 的意思是“自某時起存在至今”（＝have existed since），它通常用于一般現在時，而不用過去時態（盡管其后接的總是表示過去的時間）。如：
    The church dates from 1176. 這座教堂是六世紀建的。
    The castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡是14世紀建的。
    但若所談論的東西現在已不復存在，則可用一般過去時。如：
    The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.  那座教堂是13世紀建成的，兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。
    注：與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類似用法。
    9. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.”
    A. I’ll go           B. I’ve gone
    C. I go               D. I’m going
    【陷阱】容易誤選D.
    【分析】A和D兩者均可表示將來，填入空格處似乎都可以。但實際上只有A是最佳的，因為根據上下文的語境來看，“我去把燈關掉”這一行為是說話人聽了對方的話后臨時想到的，而不是事先準備的。而按英語習慣：will 和 be going to后接動詞原形均可表示意圖，但意圖有強弱之分，如果是事先考慮過的意圖，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考慮過的，而是說話時刻才臨時想到的意圖，則用 will.比較：
    “I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出來沒帶錢。”“沒關系，我借給你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”錢給對方是臨時想到的，即聽了對方的話后臨時作出的反應）
I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我買了臺打字機，我想學打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示說話人要學打字是事先準備的，并為此買了臺打字機）

◆精編陷阱題訓練◆
    1. Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _____ his mother.
    A. will lose            B. is losing
    C. had lost             D. has lost
    2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain.
    A. don’t go           B. hadn’t gone
    C. didn’t go          D. wasn’t going
    3. I _____ for five minutes； why don’t they come？
    A. am calling         B. called
    C. was calling        D. have been calling
    4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
    A. will miss               B. have missed
    C. are missing             D. had missed
    5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to.
    A. are deciding           B. decided
    C. have decided           D. had decided
    6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone； who _____ it？
    A. took                B. has taken
    C. will take           D. had taken
    7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car.
    A. save                 B. were saving
    C. have saved           D. are saving
    8. I _____ your last point — could you say it again？
    A. didn’t quite catch       B. don’t quite catch
    C. hadn’t quite catch       D. can’t quite catch
    9. You’ll never guess who I met today — my old teacher！ We _____ for 20 years.
    A. don’t meet      B. haven’t met
    C. hadn’t met      D. couldn’t meet
    10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere.
    A. was to meet           B. have met
    C. had met               D. would meet
11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment.
    A. are expected          B. have expected
    C. are expecting         D. will expect
    12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre； I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.
    A. is            B. was
    C. has been      D. had been
    13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.
    A. had written, left　          B. were writing, has left
    C. had written, had left　      D. were writing, had left
    14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building.
    A. phoned                      B. would phone
    C. had phoned                  D. was phoning
    15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet？” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”
    A. didn’t finish               B. haven’t finished
    C. hadn’t finished             D. wasn’t finishing
    16. —Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank？
    —No, he _______ in the other direction.
    A. was looking          B. had looked
    C. looked               D. is looking
    17. How can you possibly miss the news？ It _______ on TV all day long.
    A. has been        B. had been
    C. was             D. will be
    18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.”
    A. almost have        B. almost had
    C. almost did         D. might have
    19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active？
    A. always watch                 B. are always watching
    C. have always watched          D. have always been watching
    20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot？”
    A. Have you studied               B. Did you study
    C. Had you studied                D. Do you study
21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please？” “Oh, sorry, I _______.”
    A. wasn’t to listen                B. haven’t listened
    C. wasn’t listening                D. hadn’t listened
    22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker！” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.”
    A. discovered            B. had discovered
    C. discovers             D. is discovering
    23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.
    A. had rang； was        B. has rung； was
    C. rang； has been       D. has been ringing； is
    24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed.
    A. has held                   B. had held
    C. was holding                D. would hold
    25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.
    A. just went away              B. had gone away
    C. was just going away         D. has just gone away
    26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really？ I ______.”
    A. didn’t know                B. wasn’t knowing
    C. don’t know                 D. haven’t known
    27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame！ He _______！”
    A. promises B. promised
    C. will promise  D. had promised
    28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now.
    A. has had              B. was having
    C. is having            D. has
    29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived？” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”
    A. had gone         B. has gone
    C. is going         D. went
    30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.”
    A. is doing        B. was doing
    C. has done        D. has been doing
    31. The books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________.
    A. included； were            B. to include； are
C. including； were           D. including； are 

◆答案與解析◆
    1. 選D.根據那個小男孩徘徊的現象，推知他可能是找不到媽媽了。用現在完成時表示結果。
    2. 選C.句意為“好在我們（剛才）沒有去公園，因為天（現在）已經開始下雨了”。
    3. 選D.用現在完成進行時表示持續到現在的一段時間。
    4. 選B，用現在完成時表示結果，即你已經錯過了機會，其結果是：你只能等。
    5. 選C.用現在完成時表示影響。
    6. 選B.用現在完成時表示影響或結果，即現在筆不見了，是由于某人已經把它拿走了的結果。
    7. 選D.用現在進行時表示現在正在進行的動作。
    8. 選A.從下文的語境看，既然現在叫對方重復一遍，說明“沒聽清對方的最后一點”應發生在過去（即說此話之前）。
    9. 選B.用現在完成時表示從過去持續到現在的一段時間。
    10. 選B.before 用作副詞時不與具體時間連用，泛指“以前”，通常與一般過去時或現在完成時連用。
    11. 選C.用現在進行時表示目前的一種狀態。
    12. 選C.用現在完成時表示影響或結果，即他整個星期都在國外，所以你說你在劇院見過他，你一定是搞錯了。
    13. 選D.“把書忘在辦公室”發生在“去取書”這一過去的動作之前，因此“忘了書”這一動作發生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在“同學們正忙于……”這一背景下，when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
    14. 選D.注意even as 的意思，它表示“正當……的時候”或“恰當……的時候”。
    15. 選B.注意下文語境——事實上，我昨天就做完了。從該回答的語氣上推測，填空處應填現在完成時態。
    16. 選A.表示當時正在進行的動作。
    17. 選A.表示目前一種持續的狀態。
    18. 選C.句中的 might have got drunk是對過去情況的推測，故答句所指的情況也應在過去，故選C.
    19. 選B.always 與進行時態連用，可以表示高興、滿意、抱怨、厭惡等感情色彩。
    20. 選C.根據took的時態可知，“參加托福考試”發生在過去；而對方問“是否努力學習過？”這肯定問的是參加考試以前的事，故用過去完成時。
    21. 選C.“沒聽”肯定是剛才的事，所以應用過去時態。
    22. 選C.答句陳述的是客觀事實，故用一般現在時態。
    23. 選B.按英語語法，“in the last [past]+一段時間”通常與現在完成時連用。
    24. 選C.用過去進行時表示當時在持續的一種狀態。
    25. 選C.由于下文說we had only time for a few words，說明“經理”正準備離開。
    26. 選A.“不知道”是對方告訴自己之前的事，故用一般過去時。
    27. 選B.根據語境，他“答應”發生在過去，故用一般過去時。
    28. 選C.just now 有兩個意思：一是表示“剛才”，此時just now 為習語；二是表示“現在”、“眼前”、“就在此時”，此時 just 意為“正好”、“恰好”，用以修飾副詞now.根據句子語境，句中的 just now 應取上面的第二個意思。
    29. 選D.Andrew“回家”發生在你見到他（發生在過去）之后不久。
    30. 選 D.現在完成進行時表示從過去至今一直在持續的動作。
    31. 選 C.第一空including不填 included，因為其后帶有賓語；第二填 were，是因為它是指“原來放的地方”。
 

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